In developing European standards for the psychological profession, two main approaches to the definition of professional competence have been proposed. One focuses on the roles and functions psychologists should be able to perform (output model), the other on the educational curricula that should be followed in order to become a psychologist (input model). This article starts with a discussion ...

This paper presents an experiment concerning the relative effectiveness of computer assisted comprehension practice and production practice in the acquisition of a second language. Two computer programs were developed: (a) an input-focused program providing students with explicit grammatical instruction and comprehension exercises and (b) an output-focused program providing the same grammatical...

one very significant issues in most educational systems, the question is educational achievement levels of students in exams. the educational system is one of the most important indicators of education performance and evaluation of teaching and the learning is the fact that the performance of the system output in each year. the method of the research is descriptive-survey. the research communit...

This chapter proposes a method to measure educational research based on academic publications. After presenting semantic approach identifying output, it shows how the production and geographic distribution of output evolved over past 30 years, different disciplines contributed this looks at other characteristics such as its collaborative nature or balance between qualitative quantitative

One very significant issues in most educational systems, the question is educational achievement levels of students in exams. The educational system is one of the most important indicators of education performance and evaluation of teaching and the learning is the fact that the performance of the system output in each year. The method of the research is descriptive-survey. The research communit...